Good vs evil
Dec. 18th, 2025 06:31 amI was thinking about how the dualistic good/evil core of Abrahamic faiths contrasts with other major faiths and I was wondering how this distinction has shaped their spread (the Abrahamic and the non-Abrahamic religions). It seems to me that the younger Abrahamic faiths overemphasize this duality compared to their ancestor and have definitely been more successful at spreading (ironically mainly by sword not word). I am also wondering about the impact (good and bad) of Abrahamic and non-Abrahamic religions over time and across the world.
In any case, here is Google AI’s answer about evil in non-Abrahamic religions:
In any case, here is Google AI’s answer about evil in non-Abrahamic religions:
In major non-Abrahamic religions, the concept of "evil" generally shifts from a dualistic, personal antagonistic force (like Satan) to principles related to ignorance, negative karma, social disharmony, or a lack of spiritual clarity. Evil is often seen as a privation of good or a necessary aspect of a balanced universe, rather than an independent power equal to a supreme God.
Here's how evil is viewed in major non-Abrahamic traditions:
Dharmic Religions (Originating in India)
Hinduism: The world is seen as a balance of good and evil (dharma vs. adharma), with divine incarnations arriving to restore balance when needed. The focus is less on "evil people" and more on "bad action." Evil actions create negative karma, which keeps individuals bound to the cycle of rebirth (samsara). There are malevolent entities (asuras, rakshasas) in the scriptures, but the ultimate emphasis is on individual actions and spiritual evolution.
Buddhism: The concept of an absolute, external evil is generally absent. Instead, suffering and immoral acts stem from the "three poisons" or "three roots of evil": greed, ill will (hatred), and delusion (ignorance). Evil is a product of impermanent causes and conditions, and individuals are responsible for their own actions and self-discipline to overcome these mental states.
Sikhism: Evil is related to the "Five Thieves": lust, wrath, greed, attachment, and pride. These cloud the mind and lead to selfish action (manmukh), moving a person away from the divine. While at lower spiritual stages good and evil seem distinct, an evolved spirit recognizes that all things, including apparent evil, ultimately come from a single, good source (God), and nothing truly evil can originate from God.
East Asian and Other Religions
Taoism and Confucianism: These philosophies lack a direct parallel to the Western concept of evil as an opposing force.
Confucianism focuses on correct social relationships and proper behavior; "evil" corresponds to behavior that violates these principles and causes social disharmony.
Taoism, despite its dualistic yin and yang system, views the opposite of its core virtues (compassion, moderation, humility) as merely a lack of those qualities, rather than a malevolent force.
Zoroastrianism: This ancient Persian religion is unique among non-Abrahamic faiths in presenting a strong dualistic cosmology. The universe is a battlefield between two spirits: Ahura Mazda (the benevolent creator, representing good) and Angra Mainyu (the malignant spirit, the originator of death and all that is evil). Humans must actively choose to follow the path of righteousness and truth to resist evil through good deeds and a truthful life.
Polytheistic Traditions (e.g., Greek, Norse Paganism): The "problem of evil" rarely exists because the gods are not typically considered omnipotent, omniscient, and omnibenevolent in the Abrahamic sense. Gods often have flaws and engage in conflicts; destructive forces exist as powerful entities within the mythology, but not necessarily as a singular, moral "force of evil" to be defeated at the end of time.
Overall, many non-Abrahamic worldviews perceive evil as an absence of good, a result of human ignorance/action, or an imbalance, rather than an independent, supernatural power challenging a sole, perfect deity.
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